The sectors of Digital Twins, Virtual Worlds/Citiverse, IoT and Data Spaces are fragmented, especially the uneven uptake of NGSI‑LD, Smart Data Models/SAREF and governance models creates a barrier for cross‑domain interoperability in cities. Therefore, I focus on harmonising these layers within ITU‑T Citiverse and EU Local Digital Twin (LDT) Toolbox. I also contribute to aligning LDT and Data Space governance with UNE 0087:2025 and the Gaia‑X Trust Framework to operationalise sovereignty, compliance and automated conformance. Moreover, I contribute to mapping LDT/MIM8, NGSI‑LD, SIMPL and Citiverse deliverables to speed deployment and avoid duplicate or conflicting specs.
The focus of my fellowship was to support the Integration of IoT, data interoperability, and standardisation practices into agricultural digital transformation frameworks.
The main gaps addressed through this fellowship were the lack of national policy alignment, weak participation in standardisation processes, and limited awareness of ICT interoperability frameworks in the Western Balkans, particularly Kosovo. Until recently, standardisation in agriculture was not part of the national digitalisation agenda, leaving many innovations fragmented and incompatible with EU frameworks.
In this context, I contributed to the national consultation and standardisation alignment process that shaped the Digital Agriculture Programme and Action Plan 2025–2028 in Kosovo, referencing European standards such as SAFE4Agri, ETSI SAREF4Agri, and ISO/IEC 30141.
Through the fellowship, I helped initiate dialogue between national authorities, FAO–AKIS, and regional organisations to begin integrating ICT standardisation principles into agriculture policy.
The challenge was not only technical but also institutional and educational — to convince policymakers and agricultural associations of the value of adopting open European standards. As one of the first developers to successfully deploy smart irrigation IoT solutions in Kosovo, I used practical examples to demonstrate the benefits of standardisation and its role in improving interoperability, transparency, and SME innovation.
This fellowship therefore contributed to bridging the policy gap between innovation and regulation, ensuring that Western Balkan countries begin integrating EU ICT standardisation frameworks into their national digital-agriculture strategies.
The report will identify the role of existing standards relevant to augmented reality and document any interoperability gaps. This activity will analyse the standardization work done around augmented reality in various standards setting organizations.
This Group Specification provides additions and corrections to the GS-009 NGSI-LD API specification, based on feedback received from developers in the linked-data, internet-of-things, mobile-apps and smart-applications communities, as well as from end users and stakeholders.
The purpose of this Group Report is to explain with examples the usage of NGSI-LD information model and API, as defined in GS-004 prelimAPI, and considering also some use cases from GR-002 for ICT professionals. Worked examples are provided, with code fragments made available in a public repository. No changes in the GS-004 prelimAPI specification can be introduced or proposed in this document.
Defining indicators (KPIs) for Smart Cities expressing city level in terms of People, Planet, Prosperity and Governance.,
This extension has been created by investigating resources from potential stakeholders of the ontology, such as standardization bodies (e.g. Open Geospatial Consortium), associations (e.g. Spanish Federation of Municipalities and Provinces), IoT platforms (e.g. FIWARE) and European projects and initiatives (e.g. ISA2 programme, as reported in ETSI TR 103 506)