ISO

ISO 19141:2008 defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics.(a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107.(b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route.(c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces.(d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example:- The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints).- Two or more moving features may be pulled together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces).- Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy).ISO 19141:2008 does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not addressed include the following:(a) The deformation of features.(b) The succession of either features or their associations.(c) The change of non-spatial attributes of features.The feature's geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features' representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because ISO 19141:2008 is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part, in ISO 19133.

ISO/TS 19129:2009 defines the framework for imagery, gridded and coverage data. This framework defines a content model for the content type imagery and for other specific content types that can be represented as coverage data. These content models are represented as a set of generic UML patterns for application schemas.

This document is the first of a family of standards. This document defines XML based encoding rules for conceptual schemas specifying types that describe geographic resources. The encoding rules support the UML profile as used in the UML models commonly used in the standards developed by ISO/TC 211. The encoding rules use XML schema for the output data structure schema. The encoding rules described in this document are not applicable for encoding UML application schema for geographic features (see ISO 19136 for those rules).

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/TS 19150-1:2012 defines the framework for semantic interoperability of geographic information. This framework defines a high level model of the components required to handle semantics in the ISO geographic information standards with the use of ontologies.

ISO/TS 19158:2012 provides a framework for quality assurance specific to geographic information. It is based upon the quality principles and quality evaluation procedures of geographic information identified in ISO 19157 and the general quality management principles defined in ISO 9000. The framework defined in ISO/TS 19158:2012 enables a customer to satisfy itself that its suppliers, both internal and external, are capable of delivering geographic information to the required quality. Fundamental to the framework is the assurance of the supplier's ability to understand and meet the quality requirements. Through the quality assurance framework both the customer and the supplier are able to consider the quality required at the earliest opportunity in the production/update process. Principles and responsibilities of the relationship between the customer and the supplier that facilitate the framework are provided. The responsibility for the quality assessment procedure is shared between the customer and the supplier. ISO/TS 19158:2012 is applicable to customers and suppliers of all geographic information where the quality of the product may be impacted upon by the supplier's processes in any of the following scenarios:1) there is an agreement or legislation for the supply of data acquisition services,2) data acquisition services are being tendered for, and3) one or more suppliers exist in the supply chain.ISO/TS 19158:2012 is not applicable for the supply of legacy datasets or ?off the shelf' products where there is no further data production or update activity to manage.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/TS 19159-1:2014 defines the calibration and validation of airborne and spaceborne remote sensing imagery sensors. The term _calibration_ refers to geometry, radiometry, and spectral, and includes the instrument calibration in a laboratory as well as in situ calibration methods. The validation methods address validation of the calibration information.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 classifies imagery and regularly spaced gridded thematic data into types based on attribute property, sensor type and spatial property, and defines an encoding-neutral content model for the required components for each type of data. It also specifies logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components in the structures. The binding between the content and a specific encoding format will be defined in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163. ISO/TS 19163-1:2016 does not address LiDAR, SONAR data and ungeoreferenced gridded data. The logical data structures and the rules for encoding the content components will be addressed in the subsequent parts of ISO 19163.

This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user requirements. The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping mechanisms: (1) BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD); (2) BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM); (3) BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM). This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document. The scope of this document includes the following:(1) definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description;(2) definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component; and(3) definition of mapping for export from one schema into another.The following concepts are outside the scope:(1) definition of any particular mapping application requirement and mechanism;(2) bi-directional mapping method between BIM and GIS;(3) definition of physical schema mapping between BIM and GIS; and(4) definition of coordinate system mapping between BIM and GIS.NOTE: For cases involving requirements related to Geo-referencing for providing the position and orientation of the BIM model based on GIS, there exist other standards such as ISO 19111 and the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) from buildingSMART on Geo-referencing BIM.

This document describes requirements for the specification of geographic data products, based upon the concepts of other International Standards in the ISO 19100 family of standards. It also provides guidance in the creation of data product specifications, so that they can be easily understood and fit for their intended purpose. This document specifies XML encoding of data product specifications. This document provides OWL representation of the underlying UML model. See Annex F. This document is intended for use by data producers, data providers, service providers and potential users of data products.

ISO 19132:2007 defines a reference model and a conceptual framework for location-based services (LBS), and describes the basic principles by which LBS applications may interoperate. This framework references or contains an ontology, a taxonomy, a set of design patterns and a core set of LBS service abstract specifications in UML. ISO 19132:2007 further specifies the framework's relationship to other frameworks, applications and services for geographic information and to client applications. ISO 19132:2007 addresses, for an LBS system, the first three basic viewpoints as defined in the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP, see ISO/IEC 10746-1). These viewpoints are the Enterprise Viewpoint (detailing the purpose, scope, and policies of the system); Information Viewpoint (detailing the semantics of information and processing within the system); Computational Viewpoint (detailing the functional decomposition of the system). The fourth and fifth viewpoints are addressed only in requirements or examples. These are the Engineering Viewpoint (detailing the infrastructure for distribution); Technology Viewpoint (detailing the technology for implementation); Reference models and frameworks can be defined at a variety of levels, from conceptual design to software documentation. ISO 19132:2007 defines the conceptual framework for and the type of applications included within LBS, establishes general principles for LBS for both mobile and fixed clients, specifies the interface for data access while roaming, defines the architectural relationship with other ISO geographic information standards, and identifies areas in which further standards for LBS are required. ISO 19132:2007 does not address rules by which LBS are developed, nor general principles for roaming agreements for mobile clients and tracking targets.

ISO 19133:2005 describes the data types, and operations associated with those types, for the implementation of tracking and navigation services. It is designed to specify web services that can be made available to wireless devices through web-resident proxy applications, but is not restricted to that environment.

ISO 19134:2006 specifies the data types and their associated operations for the implementation of multimodal location-based services for routing and navigation. It is designed to specify web services that may be made available to wireless devices through web-resident proxy applications, but is not limited to that environment.