ISO 16760:2014 specifies requirements for an RGB workflow for graphic arts printing based on the use of reflection prints (RGB Reference Prints) as the evaluation vehicle for coloured images. It provides guidelines on the creation of print-targeted RGB images (RGB Reference Images) and simulation prints. This International Standard requires the identification of a pair of ICC profiles for each image: an image profile and a profile describing the reference printing system. These profiles provide individual colour transformations for gamut mapping and colour separation. This International Standard does not provide any guidance as to how these gamut mapping or colour separation transforms can be specified.
ISO 16757-2:2016 describes the modelling of building services product geometry. The description is optimized for the interchange of product catalogue data and includes(a) shapes for representing the product itself,(b) symbolic shapes for the visualization of the product's function in schematic diagrams,(c) spaces for functional requirements,(d) surfaces for visualization, and(e) ports to represent connectivity between different objects.The shape and space geometry is expressed as Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based on geometric primitives concatenated to boundary representations by Boolean operations. ISO 16757-2:2016 uses the applicable primitives from ISO 10303‑42 and from ISO 16739 and adds primitives which are required for the special geometry of building services products. For symbolic shapes, line elements are also used. ISO 16757-2:2016 neither describes the inner structure and internal functionality of the product nor the manufacturing information because this is typically not published within a product catalogue. Building services products can have millions of variant dimensions. To avoid the exchange of millions of geometries, a parametric model is introduced which allows the derivation of variant-specific geometries from the generic model. This is necessary to reduce the data to be exchanged in a catalogue to a manageable size. The parametric model will result in smaller data files, which can be easier transmitted during data exchanges. The geometry model used does not contain any drawing information such as views, line styles or hatching.
This document describes the COLLADA schema. COLLADA is a Collaborative Design Activity that defines an XML-based schema to enable 3D authoring applications to freely exchange digital assets without loss of information, enabling multiple software packages to be combined into extremely powerful tool chains. The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the COLLADA schema in sufficient detail to enable software developers to create tools to process COLLADA resources. In particular, it is relevant to those who import to or export from digital content creation (DCC) applications, 3D interactive applications and tool chains, prototyping tools, real-time visualization applications such as those used in the video game and movie industries, and CAD tools. This document covers the initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema, as well as a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters. This document covers the following information:(a) initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema;(b) requirements of COLLADA tools and a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters;(c) detailed explanations for COLLADA programming;(d) core elements that describe geometry, animation, skinning, assets, and scenes;(e) physics model, visual effects (FX), boundary representation (B-rep) of animation, kinematics.The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of COLLADA data.
This part of ISO 10303 specifies the use of the integrated resources necessary for the scope and information requirements for the exchange of building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information between application systems with explicit shape representations. Building elements are those physical things of which a building is composed, such as structural elements, enclosing and separating elements, service elements, fixtures and equipment, and spaces. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements can be used at all stages of the life cycle of a building, including the design process, construction, and maintenance. Building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information requirements specified in this part of ISO 10303 support the following activities:(a) concurrent design processes or building design iterations;(b) integration of building structure designs with building systems designs to enable design analysis;(c) building design visualization;(d) specifications for construction and maintenance;(e) analysis and review.The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:(1) explicit representation of the three-dimensional shape of building elements using boundary representation (B-rep) solid models, swept solid models, or constructive solid geometry (CSG) models.(2) the spatial configuration of building elements that comprise the assembled building;(3) building structures that represent physically distinct buildings that are part of a single building complex;(4) non-structural elements that enclose a building or separate areas within a building;(5) the shape and arrangement of equipment and service elements that provide services to a building;(6) the shape and arrangement of fixtures in a building;(7) specification of spaces and levels;(8) the shape of the site on which the building will be erected;(9) specification of properties of building elements, including material composition;(10) specification of classification information;(11) association of properties and classification information to building elements;(12) changes to building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information;(13) association of approvals with building element shape, property, and spatial configuration information; and(14) as-built record of the building.
ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resource constructs for Visual presentation. ISO 10303-46 specifies the integrated resources for the visualization of displayable product information. Presentation data as described in ISO 10303-46 are combined with product data and are exchanged together between systems with the aim that the receiving system can construct one or several pictures of the product information suitable for human perception. Product information can be visualized in two ways: either by realistic, life-like images according to the rules of projective geometry and light propagation and reflection, or by symbolic presentations that conform with draughting standards and conventions. ISO 10303-46 supports both types of presentations. The two types of visualization processes require different kinds of graphical transformations and these can be combined in the same picture. The actual generation of the picture from the product information and its presentation data is left to the receiving system. The rendered depiction can deviate from an ideal target because of limitations in the capabilities of graphics systems.
A set of processes by which organizations seek to make their services age appropriate is established in this standard. The growing desire of organizations to design digital products and services with children in mind and reflects their existing rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention) is supported by this standard. While different jurisdictions may have different laws and regulations in place, the best practice for designing digital services that impact directly or indirectly on children is offered by this standard. It sets out processes through the life cycle of development, delivery and distribution, that will help organizations ask the right relevant questions of their services, identify risks and opportunities by which to make their services age appropriate and take steps to mitigate risk and embed beneficial systems that support increased age appropriate engagement. One in three users online is under 18, which means that this standard has wide application.
This document gives the scientific summaries of visually induced motion sickness resulting from images presented visually on or by electronic display devices. Electronic displays include flat panel displays, electronic projections on a flat screen, and head-mounted displays. Different aspects of human-system interaction are covered in other parts of the ISO 9241 series (see Annex A).
Based on ISO/IEC 21823-1, this document provides the basic concepts for IoT systems and digital twin systems behavioral and policy interoperability. This includes - requirements - guidance on how to identify points of interoperability - guidance on how to express behavioral and policy information on capabilities - guidance on how to achieve trustworthiness interoperability, and - use cases and examples.
ISO/IEC 21823-3:2021 provides the basic concepts for IoT systems semantic interoperability, as described in the facet model of ISO/IEC 21823-1, including:(1) requirements of the core ontologies for semantic interoperability;(2) best practices and guidance on how to use ontologies and to develop domain-specific applications, including the need to allow for extensibility and connection to external ontologies;(3) cross-domain specification and formalization of ontologies to provide harmonized utilization of existing ontologies;(4) relevant IoT ontologies along with comparative study of the characteristics and approaches in terms of modularity, extensibility, reusability, scalability, interoperability with upper ontologies, and so on; and(5) use cases and service scenarios that exhibit necessities and requirements of semantic interoperability.
This document investigates barriers and proposes measures to improve interoperability between geospatial and BIM domains, namely, to align GIS standards developed by ISO/TC 211 and BIM standards developed by ISO/TC 59/SC 13. Where relevant this document takes into account work and documents from other organizations and committees, such as buildingSMART, International (bSI), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN). The focus is to identify future topics for standardization and possible revision needs of existing standards. This document investigates conceptual and technological barriers between GIS and BIM domains at the data, service and process levels, as defined by ISO 11354 (all parts).
Advice is given for cloud computing ecosystem participants (cloud vendors, service providers, and users) of standards-based choices in areas such as application interfaces, portability interfaces, management interfaces, interoperability interfaces, file formats, and operation conventions. These choices are grouped into multiple logical profiles, which are organized to address different cloud roles.
A functional model for federation based on the NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture is defined in this standard. This model allows a range of deployment topologies and governance. As a general federation model, it can be applied to many application domains using different implementation approaches. As such, it includes cloud-to-cloud federation and interoperability.