Web 4.0 and virtual worlds

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 9636 establishes the conceptual model, functional capability, and minimum conformance requirements of the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI). It specifies design requirements for encodings of the CGI. ISO/IEC 9636 defines a set of CGI functions that is expected to satisfy the following needs of a majority of the computer graphics community:(a) provide an interface standard for computer graphics software package implementors;(b) provide an interface standard for computer graphics device manufacturers and suppliers;(c) provide an inquiry and response mechanism for graphics device capabilities, characteristics, and states;(d) provide a standard graphics escape mechanism to access non-standard graphics device capabilities; and(e) allow for future functional extension of the CGI.In addition to the CGI functionality, device classes, and Foundation and Constituency Profiles are defined. The device classes included in the CGI are output (OUTPUT), input (INPUT), and output/input (OUTIN). Profiles allow subsets of the CGI functions and features to be defined to suit particular well-identified groups of users. There is also provision for Constituency Profiles to be registered after ISO/IEC 9636 is published. The Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) is a standard functional and syntactical specification of the control and data exchange between device-independent graphics software and an implementation of a CGI Virtual Device. The syntax of the CGI, presented in ISO/IEC 9636, is an encoding-independent and binding-independent specification. Any similarity of the examples or function specifications to a particular encoding technique or language is coincidental unless explicitly stated otherwise. The functions specified provide for the representation of a wide range of two-dimensional pictures and for control over their display on a wide range of graphics devices. The functions are split into groups that perform device and CGI session control, specify the data representations used, control the display of the picture, perform basic drawing actions, control the attributes of the basic drawing actions, acquire data from input devices, and provide access to non-standard device capabilities. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 gives an overview of ISO/IEC 9636, explains the relationship between its parts and their relation to other standards, describes a reference model for graphics systems, and defines certain Foundation and Constituency Profiles. ISO/IEC 9636-2, ISO/IEC 9636-3, ISO/IEC 9636-4, ISO/IEC 9636-5, and ISO/IEC 9636-6 specify the CGI functions for different functional areas using an abstract notation. ISO/IEC 9637 and ISO/IEC 9638 define standard data stream encodings, procedural library bindings, and single entry point procedural bindings of the CGI.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 8632 provides a file format suitable for the storage and retrieval of picture description information. The file format consists of an ordered set of elements that may be used to describe pictures in a way that is compatible between systems of different architectures, compatible with devices of differing capabilities and design, and meaningful to application constituencies. This picture description includes the capability for describing static images. The elements specified provide for the representation of a wide range of pictures on a wide range of graphical devices. The elements are organized into groups that delimit major structures (metafiles, pictures, and application structures), that specify the representations used within the metafile, that control the display of the picture, that perform basic drawing actions, that control the attributes of the basic drawing actions, that allow application-specific structuring to be overlaid on the graphical content, and that provide access to non-standard device capabilities. The metafile is defined in such a way that, in addition to sequential access to the whole metafile, random access to individual pictures and individual context-independent application structures is well-defined. Applications which require random access to pictures and/or context-independent application structures within pictures may, within the metafile, define directories to these pictures and/or context-independent application structures. The metafile may then be opened and randomly accessed without interpreting the entire metafile. In addition to a functional specification, two standard encodings of the metafile syntax are specified. These encodings address the needs of applications that require small metafile size plus minimum effort to generate and interpret, and maximum flexibility for a human reader or editor of the metafile. This part of ISO/IEC 8632 describes the format using an abstract syntax. The remaining parts of ISO 8632 specify standardized encodings that conform to this syntax: ISO/IEC 8632-3 specifies a binary encoding; ISO/IEC 8632-4 specifies a clear text encoding.

This document is the first of a family of standards. It specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the graphical kernel system. Provides functions for two dimensional graphical output, the storage and dynamic modification of pictures, and operator input. Applicable to a wide range of applications that produce two dimensional pictures on vector or raster graphical devices in monochrome or colour.

ISO/IEC 15948:2004 specifies a datastream and an associated file format, Portable Network Graphics (PNG, pronounced 'ping'), for a lossless, portable, compressed individual computer graphics image transmitted across the Internet. Indexed-colour, greyscale, and truecolour images are supported, with optional transparency. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits. PNG is fully streamable with a progressive display option. It is robust, providing both full file integrity checking and simple detection of common transmission errors. PNG can store gamma and chromaticity data as well as a full ICC colour profile for accurate colour matching on heterogenous platforms. ISO/IEC 15948:2004 defines the Internet Media type "image/png". The datastream and associated file format have value outside of the main design goal.

This guide provides a technological framework that facilitates the increase of trustworthiness of AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems, by using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technologies and methods including the following aspects:1) the requirements of providing XAI systems in different application scenarios;2) the categorization of a series of XAI tools that offer human-understandable explanations; and3) a set of measurable solutions to evaluate XAI systems in terms of performances concerning the accuracy, privacy, and security.

This standard describes a Hyperspace Transaction Protocol (HSTP) that enables interoperable, semantically compatible connections between connected hardware (e.g. autonomous drones, sensors, smart devices, robots) and software (e.g. services, platforms, applications, artificial intelligence systems) and includes specifications for: 1) a spatial range query format and response language for requesting data about objects within a dimensional range (spatial, temperature, pressure, motion) and their content. 2) a semantic data ontology schema for describing objects, relations, and actions in a standardized way 3) a verifiable credentialing and certification method for permissioning create, retrieve, update, and delete (CRUD) access to devices, locations, users, and data; and4) a human and machine-readable contracting language that enables the expression and automated execution of legal, financial and physical activities.

This recommended practice specifies governance criteria such as safety, transparency, accountability, responsibility and minimizing bias, and process steps for effective implementation, performance auditing, training and compliance in the development or use of artificial intelligence within organizations.

This recommended practice describes ethical considerations and recommended best practices in the design of artificial intelligence as used by adaptive instructional systems. The ethical considerations derived from P2247.1, Standard for the Classification of Adaptive Instructional Systems, is directly related to: P2247.1 Standard for the Classification of Adaptive Instructional Systems, P2247.2 Interoperability Standards for Adaptive Instructional Systems (AISs), and P2247.3 Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Adaptive Instructional Systems.

This document is the first of a family of standards. ISO/IEC 12087 is concerned with the manipulation, processing, and interchange of all types of digital images. The main purpose of this part is to define a generic, unifying imaging architecture to which other parts of ISO/IEC 12087 conform. This part of ISO/IEC 12087 also defines those specializations or delineations of the generic imaging architecture that are required to support IPI-PIKS and IPI-IIF.

The standard identifies/addresses the manner in which personal privacy terms are proffered and how they can be read and agreed to by machines.

This standard defines a model for ethical considerations and practices in the design, creation and use of empathic technology, incorporating systems that have the capacity to identify, quantify, respond to, or simulate affective states, such as emotions and cognitive states. This includes coverage of 'affective computing', 'emotion Artificial Intelligence' and related fields.

The standard establishes requirements for blockchain based digital identity systems. The standard addresses the following attributes of the system, including but not limited to, digital identity definition, distributed digital identity creation, distributed digital identity authentication, distributed digital identity note (refers to identity credentials such as identity card, work card, member card), data or asset circulation protocols.