Web 4.0 and virtual worlds

This document establishes the requirements and recommendations for image contents and electronic display systems to reduce visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), while viewing images on electronic displays. This document is applicable to electronic display systems, including flat panel displays, projectors with a screen, and virtual reality (VR) type of head mounted displays (HMDs), but not including HMDs that present electronic images on/with real-world scenes. NOTE 1: This document assumes the images are viewed under appropriate defined conditions. See Annex B for the appropriate viewing conditions.NOTE 2: This document is useful for the design, development, and supply of image contents, as well as electronic displays for reducing VIMS.NOTE 3 ISO 9241-392[3] provides guidelines for stereoscopic 3D displays, of which the methods are also used in HMDs.NOTE 4 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) generally sets the standards for broadcasting.

The standard specifies how Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) devices should be set up and used in the enterprise; in a manner that ensures Health and Safety (H&S) is maintained, H&S consequences are understood, and additional risks are not introduced. Within this concept of safe usage, there is particular focus on guidance around safe immersion (time) and safety in the workplace. This ISO/IEC standard:(a) defines the concepts of AR, VR, the virtuality continuum and other associated terms such as Augmented Virtuality and Mixed Reality;(b) provides guidance on setting up AR systems;(c) provides guidance on setting up VR systems;(d) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in AR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains; and(e) provides guidance on safe usage and immersion in VR systems both in the consumer and enterprise domains.This standard focuses on visual aspects of AR and VR. Other modes such as haptics and olfactory are not addressed within this standard. The standard covers both the hardware (the physical VR/AR head mounted displays) and areas of visual stimulus (the environments and graphics displayed in those headsets). The standard does not cover all possible visual stimulus scenarios; focus is directed toward those areas that are known to have implications on safe use. This specifically includes the source vection (visual illusion of self-motion in physically stationary VR/AR users) and/or motion (physical movement of VR/AR users) and associated safe use considerations. It should be noted that AR/VR have some shared safety concerns, but many are distinct to AR or VR and a consumer or enterprise environment. As such all of these are in scope, and the standard is structured to account for these differences.

This standard provides a general shared function model for cloud computing, in order to normalize how functions are shared between cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service customers (CSCs). The standard specifies functions ownership from seven aspects for three main cloud service delivery models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The seven aspects of function are as follows:1) The physical infrastructure function.2) The virtualization infrastructure function.3) The operating system function.4) The network control function.5) The application function.6) The data function.7) The identity and access management function. Each of the seven aspects considers many factors including security, management, etc. In this standard, levels 1 to 4, which are clearly the service provider's function for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, are briefly mentioned for the integrity of the model. This standard focuses on levels 5, 6, and 7.

A functional model for federation based on the NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture is defined in this standard. This model allows a range of deployment topologies and governance. As a general federation model, it can be applied to many application domains using different implementation approaches. As such, it includes cloud-to-cloud federation and interoperability.

Advice is given for cloud computing ecosystem participants (cloud vendors, service providers, and users) of standards-based choices in areas such as application interfaces, portability interfaces, management interfaces, interoperability interfaces, file formats, and operation conventions. These choices are grouped into multiple logical profiles, which are organized to address different cloud roles.

ISO 10303-21:2016 specifies an exchange format that allows product data described in the EXPRESS language to be transferred from one computer system to another. ISO 10303-21:2016 adds anchor, reference and signature sections to support external references, support for compressed exchange structures in an archive, digital signatures and UTF-8 character encoding.

ISO/IEC 21823-3:2021 provides the basic concepts for IoT systems semantic interoperability, as described in the facet model of ISO/IEC 21823-1, including:(1) requirements of the core ontologies for semantic interoperability;(2) best practices and guidance on how to use ontologies and to develop domain-specific applications, including the need to allow for extensibility and connection to external ontologies;(3) cross-domain specification and formalization of ontologies to provide harmonized utilization of existing ontologies;(4) relevant IoT ontologies along with comparative study of the characteristics and approaches in terms of modularity, extensibility, reusability, scalability, interoperability with upper ontologies, and so on; and(5) use cases and service scenarios that exhibit necessities and requirements of semantic interoperability.

Based on ISO/IEC 21823-1, this document provides the basic concepts for IoT systems and digital twin systems behavioral and policy interoperability. This includes - requirements - guidance on how to identify points of interoperability - guidance on how to express behavioral and policy information on capabilities - guidance on how to achieve trustworthiness interoperability, and - use cases and examples.

This recommendation - International Standard provides accompanying reference software for ISO/IEC 23090-9 as an electronic attachment. The use of this reference software is not required for making an implementation of an encoder or decoder in conformance to ISO/IEC 23090-9. Requirements established in ISO/IEC 23090-9 take precedence over the behavior of the reference software.

This document specifies a video coding technology known as essential video coding (EVC), which contains syntax format, semantics and an associated decoding process. The decoding process is designed to guarantee that all EVC decoders conform to a specified combination of capabilities known as the profile, level and toolset. Any decoding process that produces identical cropped decoded output pictures to those produced by the described process is considered to be in conformance with the requirements of this document. This document is designed to cover a wide range of application, including but not limited to digital storage media, television broadcasting and real-time communications.

ISO/IEC TR 15938-8:2002 forms an informative part of ISO/IEC 15938 on extraction and use of metadata descriptions for multimedia content. ISO/IEC TR 15938-8:2002 provides two types of information: informative examples that illustrate the instantiation of description tools in creating descriptions conforming to ISO/IEC 15938; and detailed technical information on extracting descriptions automatically from multimedia content and using them in multimedia applications. ISO/IEC TR 15938-8:2002 is a companion for ISO/IEC 15938-3 (Visual) and ISO/IEC 15938-5 (Multimedia Description Schemes), which provide normative definitions of the description tools. Effort has been made in this Technical Report to preserve the subclause numbering of ISO/IEC 15938-3 and ISO/IEC 15938-5 to allow easy mapping of the information on extraction and use with those technical specifications.

This document specifies extensions to existing scene description formats in order to support MPEG media, in particular immersive media. MPEG media includes but is not limited to media encoded with MPEG codecs, media stored in MPEG containers, MPEG media and application formats as well as media provided through MPEG delivery mechanisms. Extensions include scene description format syntax and semantics and the processing model when using these extensions by a Presentation Engine. It also defines a Media Access Function (MAF) API for communication between the Presentation Engine and the Media Access Function for these extensions. While the extensions defined in this document can be applicable to other scene description formats, they are provided for ISO/IEC 12113.