This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.
ISO 19149:2011 defines an XML-based vocabulary or language to express rights for geographic information in order that digital licenses can be created for such information and related services. This language, GeoREL, is an extension of the rights expression language in ISO/IEC 21000-5 and is to be used to compose digital licenses. Each digital license will unambiguously express those particular rights that the owners (or their agent) of a digital geographic resource extend to the holders of that license. The digital rights management system in which these licenses are used can then offer ex ante (before the fact) protection for all such resources. The proper use of a GeoREL includes the preservation of rights access by formula expressed in usage licenses. Thus, data in the public or private domain, when protected, remain in their respective domains if the usage rights granted so state. These rights are not always covered by copyright law, and are often the result of contracts between individuals that specify the proper and allowed uses of resources, as opposed to the threat of copyright litigations which is an ex post facto (after the fact) remediation measure, not an ex ante protection measure. ISO 19149:2011 is not a reflection of, or extension of, copyright law. Mechanisms for the enforcement and preservation of those contract rights are specified in ISO/IEC 21000, and it is not the intention of ISO 19149:2011 to replace nor redefine those mechanisms, but to use them as previously standardized.
The ISO 19152:2012 standard:(a) defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below the surface of the earth);(b) provides an abstract, conceptual model with four packages related to parties (people and organizations); basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks); spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology);(c) provides terminology for land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;(d) provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and(e) enables the combining of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner.
ISO 19154:2014 defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing ? Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746‑1 and ISO 19101. The reference model specified in ISO 19154:2014 defines the following:(1) conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;(2) a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;(3) the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; and(4) the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards.ISO 19154 is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19154:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.
This International Standard specifies the framework, concepts and methodology for testing and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to the family of ISO geographic information standards. It provides a framework for specifying abstract test suites (ATS) and for defining the procedures to be followed during conformance testing. Conformance may be claimed for data or software products or services or by specifications including any profile or functional standard. Standardization of test methods and criteria for conformance to geographic information standards will allow verification of conformance to those standards. Verifiable conformance is important to geographic information users, in order to achieve data transfer and sharing.
ISO 19106:2004 is intended to define the concept of a profile of the ISO geographic information standards developed by ISO/TC 211 and to provide guidance for the creation of such profiles. Only those components of specifications that meet the definition of a profile contained herein can be established and managed through the mechanisms described in this International Standard. These profiles can be standardized internationally using the ISO standardization process. This document also provides guidance for establishing, managing, and standardizing at the national level (or in some other forum).
This document specifies conceptual schemas for describing the spatial characteristics of geographic entities, and a set of spatial operations consistent with these schemas. It treats _vector_ geometry and topology. It defines standard spatial operations for use in access, query, management, processing and data exchange of geographic information for spatial (geometric and topological) objects. Because of the nature of geographic information, these geometric coordinate spaces will normally have up to three spatial dimensions, one temporal dimension and any number of other spatially dependent parameters as needed by the applications. In general, the topological dimension of the spatial projections of the geometric objects will be at most three.
This document defines a comprehensive set of evaluation indicators specially related to information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption and usage in smart cities. Firstly, it establishes an overall framework for all the indicators. Then, it specifies the name, description, classification and measurement method for each indicator.
This document specifies a digital form for representing electronic documents to enable users to exchange and view electronic documents independent of the environment in which they were created or the environment in which they are viewed or printed. It is intended for developers of software that creates PDF files (PDF writers), software that reads existing PDF files and (usually) interprets their contents for display (PDF readers), software that reads and displays PDF content and interacts with the computer users to possibly modify and save the PDF file (interactive PDF processors) and PDF products that read and/or write PDF files for a variety of other purposes (PDF processors). (PDF writers and PDF readers are more specialised classifications of interactive PDF processors and all are PDF processors).
This document defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of city services and quality of life. It follows the principles set out in ISO 37101 and can be used in conjunction with ISO 37101 and other strategic frameworks. This document is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location.
This document describes a framework, structured in layers of ICT technologies, essential for smart cities' operation. This framework also provides the mapping of the ICT techniques to various system entities in order to support the smart city's business, knowledge management, and operational systems from the engineering perspective.
This document specifies a generic knowledge management framework for a smart city, focusing on creating, capturing, sharing, using and managing smart city knowledge. It also gives the key practices which are required to be implemented to safeguard the use of knowledge, such as interoperability of heterogeneous data and governance of multi-sources services within a smart city.