ISO

ISO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.The term "work system" in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the following:- production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line. - transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport. - support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment. - commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a restaurant kitchen. - other areas like health care, teaching and training.The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to decommissioning.The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International Standard in existing and new situations.The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological and economic effectiveness and efficiency.The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.

This International Standard establishes principles for deriving dimensions from anthropometric measurements and applying them to the design of workstations at non-mobile machinery. It is based on current ergonomic knowledge and anthropometric measurements.This International Standard specifies the body's space requirements for equipment during normal operation in sitting and standing positions. This International Standard does not specifically include space demands for maintenance, repairing and cleaning work.This International Standard does not give recommendations specifically for visual display terminal workstations at machinery. For this purpose ISO 9241-5 can be used in conjunction with this International Standard.Situations where people are to be prevented from reaching a hazard are dealt with in ISO 13852.

ISO 15536-1:2006 provides temperature threshold values for burns that occur when human skin is in contact with a hot solid surface. It also describes methods for the assessment of the risks of burning, when humans could or might touch hot surfaces with their unprotected skin.In addition, ISO 13732-1:2006 gives guidance for cases where it is necessary to specify temperature limit values for hot surfaces, but does not set surface temperature limit values.ISO 13732-1:2006 deals with contact periods of 0,5 s and longer.It is applicable to contact when the surface temperature is essentially maintained during the contact.It is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface. Neither does it apply to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face.ISO 13732-1:2006 is applicable to the hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings, natural objects, etc. It is applicable to hot surfaces of products that may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and also by people with physical disabilities. For the purposes of simplification, it mentions only products; nevertheless, it applies to all other objects as well. It is applicable to products used in any environment, e.g. in the workplace, in the home.It does not provide data for the protection against discomfort or pain.

ISO 11354-2:2015 specifies:- levels to represent the capability of an enterprise to interoperate with other enterprises. - measures for assessing the capability of a specific enterprise to interoperate with other enterprises. - methods for combining these measures into two kinds of overall assessment:- maturity level by concern and barrier, and- assessment relative to four designated maturity levels. - a method for representing concern and barrier overall assessments in a graphical form and for identifying where capabilities are required to achieve desired higher levels of interoperability.

ISO 14118:2017 specifies requirements for designed-in means aimed at preventing unexpected machine start-up (see 3.2) to allow safe human interventions in danger zones (see Annex A).ISO 14118:2017 applies to unexpected start-up from all types of energy source, i.e.:- power supply, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic. - stored energy due to, e.g. gravity, compressed springs. - external influences, e.g. from wind.ISO 14118:2017 does not specify performance levels or safety integrity levels for safety-related parts of control systems. While available means to prevent unexpected start-up are identified, this document does not specify the means for the prevention of unexpected machine start-up for specific machines.NOTE A type-C standard can define the required means for the prevention of harm arising from unexpected start-up. Otherwise, the requirements for a specific machine need to be determined by risk assessment outside the scope of this document.

This document defines terms used in relation to robotics.

ISO 9409-1:2004 defines the main dimensions, designation and marking for a circular plate as mechanical interface. It is intended to ensure the exchangeability and to keep the orientation of hand-mounted end effectors.It does not define other requirements of the end effector coupling device.It does not contain any correlation of load-carrying ranges, as it is expected that the appropriate interface is selected depending on the application and the load-carrying capacity of the robot.

This document covers the general description of benchmarking test piece geometries along with quantitative and qualitative measurements to be taken on the benchmarking test piece(s) to assess the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) systems.This performance assessment may serve the two following purposes:– AM system capability evaluation. – AM system calibration.The benchmarking test piece(s) is (are) primarily used to quantitatively assess the geometric performance of an AM system. This document describes a suite of test geometries, each designed to investigate one or more specific performance metrics and several example configurations of these geometries into test piece(s). It prescribes quantities and qualities of the test geometries to be measured but does not dictate specific measurement methods. Various user applications can require various grades of performance. This document discusses examples of feature configurations, as well as measurement uncertainty requirements, to demonstrate low and high grade examination and performance. This document does not discuss a specific procedure or machine settings for manufacturing a test piece, which are covered by ASTM F2971 and other relevant process specific specifications.

ISO/TS 15066:2016 specifies safety requirements for collaborative industrial robot systems and the work environment, and supplements the requirements and guidance on collaborative industrial robot operation given in ISO 10218‑1 and ISO 10218‑2.ISO/TS 15066:2016 applies to industrial robot systems as described in ISO 10218‑1 and ISO 10218‑2. It does not apply to non-industrial robots, although the safety principles presented can be useful to other areas of robotics.NOTE This Technical Specification does not apply to collaborative applications designed prior to its publication